Petition to Arial Hanson, 7 November 1836
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Source Note
JS and others, Petition, , Geauga Co., OH, to , [, Geauga Co., OH], 7 Nov. 1836. Featured version copied [ca. 1837–1838]; handwriting likely of Elijah A. Ward; one page; Lake County Historical Society, Painesville, OH. Includes docket and redaction. Transcription from a digital color image made of original in 2001.Three conjoined leaves; the first measures 12 × 7¾ inches (30 × 20 cm), the second 11¾ × 7¾ inches (29 × 20 cm), and the third 12 × 7¾ inches (30 × 20 cm). The three leaves were made into one cohesive document measuring 34⅜ × 7¾ inches (87 × 20 cm) by joining the bottom of the first leaf and the top of the second leaf with three adhesive wafers and by joining the bottom of the second leaf and the top of the third leaf with three additional adhesive wafers. The first leaf contains thirty-seven brown lines; the second and third leaves have thirty-six brown lines each. The petition was likely folded into fourths and then trifolded to form three panels. It was docketed on the right side of the left panel. A bottom segment of the petition is torn entirely at a fold. This copy of the original letter was likely created by Elijah A. Ward, the brother-in-law of , while serving as deputy sheriff in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. The location of the original letter is unknown.A typed note accompanying the letter states it was donated by Philip Ward, a grandson of Elijah A. Ward, to the Lake County Historical Society. The donation occurred between 1938, when the historical society was organized, and 1954, when Ward died.
Footnotes
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1
Upton, History of the Western Reserve, 758–760.
Upton, Harriet Taylor. History of the Western Reserve. 3 vols. Chicago: Lewis, 1910.
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2
“Philip Emmerson Ward,” Melbourne Cemetery, Melbourne, Brevard Co., FL, U.S. Find a Grave Index.
Find a Grave. http://www.findagrave.com.
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Historical Introduction
In early November 1836, JS and other residents of , Ohio, drafted a petition to , a justice of the peace in Kirtland, asking him to resign his office and leave the . The petition was signed by seventy-two Kirtland residents; all but a few are known to have been members of the . In scathing language, they charged Hanson with incompetence as a justice of the peace and with acting contrary to his duties in that office, especially regarding his actions toward church members.Justices of the peace were important figures in antebellum towns and were recognized as local government officials by their communities. Elected by the residents of their township, justices of the peace oversaw the local court, also called the “justice of the peace court” or “small claims court,” which heard civil cases for debts of less than one hundred dollars. Justices had jurisdiction in criminal cases relating to assault and battery or fear of violence and in this role were appointed “conservators of the peace.” The position also included record-keeping responsibilities. Justices were required to keep a docket recording the lawsuits and other actions that related to their court duties; they also administered oaths and acknowledged contracts, such as deeds and mortgages.The petition featured here notes several ways in which the signers felt had acted contrary to his elected position as a peacekeeper, impartial judge, and arbiter of community conflicts. According to the petition, Hanson encouraged mob violence, wrote slanderous statements, and aided enemies of church members in acting against them. Though there is little extant evidence regarding the allegations found in the petition, some reminiscent accounts support the claims that Hanson was antagonistic toward church members.In an autobiographical letter possibly written several decades after he left , church member related an instance when the justice of the peace seized his property in 1837. Wood had acted as the surety for another church member’s promissory note and later had his wagon confiscated by . Wood felt this was done unfairly, since the church member who issued the note had also provided ample land as security. Wood’s letter further described the arbitrary property seizures by some local constables and justices of the peace, likely including Hanson, that became so severe by 1837–1838 that “no Latter Day Saint could consider any property secure which he possessed.” Wood noted that constables would find any excuse to confiscate a Mormon’s property. Should the owner object, arguing that he did not owe anyone money, then “the constable would curse and swear that they were Jo Smiths goods and they would take them to pay his debts or somebody else.” Confiscating good[s] for outstanding debts would be legal if church members had been acting as sureties on promissory notes of JS or other members. But Wood implied that Mormons’ goods were routinely confiscated even when not used to secure promissory notes, and he claimed that it was a common practice for some local officials to unfairly require additional security for promissory notes or other financial transactions involving church members. These abuses occurred, according to Wood, because of religious bias against the Church of the Latter Day Saints.No statements by are extant, but there is evidence that his family members were opposed to JS and the church. A reminiscent statement by his wife, Sally Ward Hanson, was printed in Arthur Deming’s Naked Truths about Mormonism in 1888. In it, she claimed that when church members’ appeals to appoint a Mormon postmaster failed, they threatened her husband. Arial Hanson’s father-in-law, Reverend Elijah Ward, was a minister for the Methodist Episcopal Church in neighboring and preached against the Church of the Latter Day Saints.Despite the demands made in the petition, did not resign as justice of the peace in but remained in the position until his term ended in May 1837, when he was replaced by . Hanson continued to live in Kirtland into the 1840s and remained in northeastern until his death in 1862.
Footnotes
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1
Arial Hanson, born in Massachusetts in 1800, moved to Kirtland in 1821. He married Sally Ward on 4 October 1829 in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. He served as overseer of the poor in Kirtland from 1834 to 1835 and justice of the peace in Kirtland from 1834 to 1837. (Upton, History of the Western Reserve, 759; List of Letters, Painesville [OH] Telegraph, 7 Apr. 1837, [3].)
Upton, Harriet Taylor. History of the Western Reserve. 3 vols. Chicago: Lewis, 1910.
Painesville Telegraph. Painesville, OH. 1822–1986.
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2
Five of the signers cannot be confirmed as members of the church: John Davidson, Joseph Willard, L. J. Reave, John Gamble, and Jacob Harvey.
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3
The Ohio legislature clarified the duties of justices of the peace in 1831. (An Act Defining the Powers and Duties of Justices of the Peace and Constables, in Criminal Cases [11 Mar. 1831]; An Act Defining the Powers and Duties of Justices of the Peace and Constables, in Civil Cases [14 Mar. 1831]; An Act to Regulate the Action for Forcible Entry and Detainer [25 Feb. 1831], Acts of a General Nature [1831], pp. 170–214.)
Acts of a General Nature, Enacted, Revised and Ordered to Be Reprinted, at the First Session of the Twenty-Ninth General Assembly of the State of Ohio. Columbus: Olmsted and Bailhache, 1831.
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4
Wood, “Letter to Daniel Wood’s Brother Hosea Wood,” 3–4. A constable was a town officer of the peace and had the authority to carry out civil and criminal judgments under the direction of justices of the peace.
Wood, Daniel. “A Letter to Daniel Wood’s Brother Hosea Wood.” No date. Typescript. Danidl Wood, Histories, ca. 1890. CHL.
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5
Wood, “Letter to Daniel Wood’s Brother Hosea Wood,” 4.
Wood, Daniel. “A Letter to Daniel Wood’s Brother Hosea Wood.” No date. Typescript. Danidl Wood, Histories, ca. 1890. CHL.
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6
“Mrs. S. W. Hanson’s Statement,” Naked Truths about Mormonism, Apr. 1888, 3.
Naked Truths about Mormonism: Also a Journal for Important, Newly Apprehended Truths, and Miscellany. Oakland, CA. Jan. and Apr. 1888.
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7
Upton, History of the Western Reserve, 758. Isaac Russell, a church member living in Upper Canada, wrote to the editor of the Christian Guardian in Toronto, Canada, defending the Kirtland Safety Society—and by extension, the church—from earlier statements printed in the Christian Guardian from a “Methodist Minister who, it is stated, resided in the vicinity of Kirtland.” This minister might have been Reverend Elijah Ward, who lived with his son Elijah A. Ward in Willoughby, Ohio. According to Harriet Upton, Hanson donated land to the Methodist Episcopal Church. An 1839 Geauga County deed shows that Hanson and his brother-in-law Elijah A. Ward jointly transferred land to the trustees of the Kirtland Methodist Episcopal Church. This appears to be the land on which the Methodist Episcopal chapel was located. (Isaac Russell to Editor of the Christian Guardian, Toronto, Upper Canada, 11 Mar. 1837, Isaac Russell Correspondence, CHL; Upton, History of the Western Reserve, 757, 759; Geauga Co., OH, Deed Records, 1795–1921, vol. 30, pp. 361–362, 21 June 1839, microfilm 20,242, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL.)
Upton, Harriet Taylor. History of the Western Reserve. 3 vols. Chicago: Lewis, 1910.
Russell, Isaac. Correspondence, 1837–1840. CHL. MS 6066.
U.S. and Canada Record Collection. FHL.
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8
Upton, History of the Western Reserve, 758; “Death Notice,” Painesville (OH) Telegraph, 4 Sept. 1862, [3]; 1840 U.S. Census, Kirtland, Lake Co., OH, 97; 1850 U.S. Census, Mentor, Lake Co., OH, 277[B]; 1860 U.S. Census, Willoughby, Lake Co., OH, 172.
Upton, Harriet Taylor. History of the Western Reserve. 3 vols. Chicago: Lewis, 1910.
Painesville Telegraph. Painesville, OH. 1822–1986.
Census (U.S.) / U.S. Bureau of the Census. Population Schedules. Microfilm. FHL.
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| Joseph Smith Jr | John Davidson |
| Christopher W Stillwell | |
| Beihias Bechias Dustin | |
| John Read Reed | |
| Jacob Parker | |
| Martin D. Cowdry | Joseph Willard |
| Benjamin Sweat | Solomon Freeman |
| L J Reave | Roswell Blood |
| John Gamble | |
| Willard Woodstock | Hyrum Struttan [Hiram Stratton] |
| Horace Burgess | |
| Lorren Loren Babbit | |
| Normen Ruall | |
| Edson Barney | |
| Chancy Chauncey G Webb | Lysandar M Davis |
| Burton H. Phelps | |
| Sterry Fisk | |
| Peter Shirts | |
| Wm. Felshaw | |
| Jacob Harvey | |
| G W Meelks [Garland W. Meeks] | |
| Ebenezer Borr [Barr] |
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