Invoice, Mead, Stafford & Co. to H. Smith & Co., 8 October 1836

Source Note

Mead, Stafford & Co., Invoice,
New York City
Located in northeast region of U.S. Area settled by Dutch traders, 1620s; later governed by Britain, 1664–1776. Admitted to U.S. as state, 1788. Population in 1810 about 1,000,000; in 1820 about 1,400,000; in 1830 about 1,900,000; and in 1840 about 2,400,...
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, New York Co., NY, to
H. Smith & Co.
A mercantile company created and run by Hyrum Smith. It is unclear when Smith started the business. An extant daybook and ledger for the company indicate that he sold goods between July and November 1836. It is not clear if Smith operated an independent store...
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, [
Kirtland Township
Located ten miles south of Lake Erie. Settled by 1811. Organized by 1818. Latter-day Saint missionaries visited township, early Nov. 1830; many residents joined Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Population in 1830 about 55 Latter-day Saints and...
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, Geauga Co., OH], 8 Oct. 1836; unidentified handwriting; docket in handwriting of Marcellus Cowdery; two pages; JS Office Papers, CHL.
Historical Introduction

See Introduction to H. Smith & Co.

Document Transcript

8th Oct 1836

Mess[rs]

Bo[ugh]t of Mead Stafford & Co

2 Chests Y[oung] H[yson] Tea	117.104— 221lbs 40. 181lbs	0.58	104.98
2 Tierces 1 A cask which varied in size but was usually between forty and forty-two gallons. (“Tierce,” in American Dictionary [1828]; “Tierce,” in Oxford English Dictionary, 11:18.) Comprehensive Works Cited An American Dictionary of the English Language: Intended to Exhibit, I. the Origin, Affinities and Primary Signification of English Words, as far as They Have Been Ascertained. . . . Edited by Noah Webster. New York: S. Converse, 1828. The Oxford English Dictionary. Edited by James A. H. Murray, Henry Bradley, W. A. Craigie, and C. T. Onions. 12 vols. 1933. Reprint, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970. P. R. Molasses	<5> 77. <5> 73. 150.10.140 G[allon]s	48	67.20
1 Hhd [Hogshead] 2 The meaning of “hogshead” varied based on time period, location, and the goods involved, but it usually referred to a cask holding a measure of liquid. For wine, the measure was eventually standardized to sixty-three U.S. gallons. (“Hogshead,” in American Dictionary [1828]; “Hogshead,” in Oxford English Dictionary, 5:327–328.) Comprehensive Works Cited An American Dictionary of the English Language: Intended to Exhibit, I. the Origin, Affinities and Primary Signification of English Words, as far as They Have Been Ascertained. . . . Edited by Noah Webster. New York: S. Converse, 1828. The Oxford English Dictionary. Edited by James A. H. Murray, Henry Bradley, W. A. Craigie, and C. T. Onions. 12 vols. 1933. Reprint, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970. P. R. Sugar	1322. 159. 1163lbs	11	127.93
1 Bbl [Barrel] 3 The size and weight of a barrel varied and was often dependent on whether the contents were liquid or solid. In the United States, statutes generally regulated that a barrel should contain 28 to 31½ gallons. (“Barrel,” in American Dictionary [1828].) Comprehensive Works Cited An American Dictionary of the English Language: Intended to Exhibit, I. the Origin, Affinities and Primary Signification of English Words, as far as They Have Been Ascertained. . . . Edited by Noah Webster. New York: S. Converse, 1828. 2/ 6 Loaf Sugar	133. 17. 116lbs	16½	19.45
10 Lumps L [Sugar]	91lbs	5½ 15	13.65
1/2 Bbl 2/ 6 Salaretus 4 A biocarbonate of potash, used as a leavening agent in baking. (“Saleratus,” in Oxford English Dictionary, 9: 50.) Comprehensive Works Cited The Oxford English Dictionary. Edited by James A. H. Murray, Henry Bradley, W. A. Craigie, and C. T. Onions. 12 vols. 1933. Reprint, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970.	123. 13. 110lbs	10	11.31
1 [Bbl] Winter Oil 5 The highest grade of whale oil, refined so as to remain liquid during the cold winter months. (Holmes, Arctic Whaleman, 288.) Comprehensive Works Cited Holmes, Lewis. The Arctic Whaleman; or, Winter in the Arctic Ocean: Being a Narrative of the Wreck of the Whale Ship Citizen of New Bedford, in the Arctic Ocean. . . . Boston: Wentworth and Co., 1857.	37½ Glls	110	41.25
1 [Bbl] 16/—— Spts Turpertine	35 [Glls]	60	23.00
1 [Bbl] Tar		$3.00	3.00
1 [Bbl] 3/— White Lead	480lbs	0.12	57.98
1/2 [Bbl] 3/— Ven[etian] Red	139. 11. 128lbs	4½	6.13
10lbs Prusian Blue (Keg 6 A small cask or barrel, varying in size but usually containing less than ten gallons. (“Keg,” in American Dictionary [1828]; “Keg,” in Oxford English Dictionary, 5: 667.) Comprehensive Works Cited An American Dictionary of the English Language: Intended to Exhibit, I. the Origin, Affinities and Primary Signification of English Words, as far as They Have Been Ascertained. . . . Edited by Noah Webster. New York: S. Converse, 1828. The Oxford English Dictionary. Edited by James A. H. Murray, Henry Bradley, W. A. Craigie, and C. T. Onions. 12 vols. 1933. Reprint, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970. 2/ 6 sunds)		9/—	11.56
10lbs 3 oz Green Gold Bronze (smt)		10/—	3.75
1½lbs Vermillion		10/—	1.88
1/2 Pack Gold Leaf		$9.50	4.75
8 Pints Silver Bronze		4/—	4.00
4 oz Copper [Bronze]		4/—	2.00
1 Keg 2/ 6 Red Lead	wt 100lbs	11	11.31
1 [Keg] 2/ 6 Sulp[h]er	33.6. 27lbs	4½	1.53
1 [Keg] 2/ 6 Roll Brimstone	343. 31lbs	4	1.55
1 [Keg] 2/ 6 Glaub Salts 7 Glauber-salt or sulphate of soda. (“Glauber-salt,” in American Dictionary [1828].) Comprehensive Works Cited An American Dictionary of the English Language: Intended to Exhibit, I. the Origin, Affinities and Primary Signification of English Words, as far as They Have Been Ascertained. . . . Edited by Noah Webster. New York: S. Converse, 1828.	50.5. 45lbs	3	1.66
1 [Keg] 2/ 6 Epsom [Salts]	42.4. 38lbs	6	2.59
1 [Keg] 2/ 6 Alum	86.6.80lbs	6¼	5.31
3 [Kegs] N.H. Powder	[86.6.80lbs]	$5.50	16.50
1/2 Bbl Pure Ginger	wt 6. 82lbs	11	9.02
1/2 Box Honeydew Cav Tobacco	90.23.67lbs	3/—	25.13
2 [Box] No 2 Bar Soap 72 each	144lbs	6	8.64
4 Bladders 8 Cow bladders were sometimes used to store and ship tobacco snuff. (Minutes of the Evidence, 24; History of the Rise and Progress of the Arts, 1:165.) Comprehensive Works Cited Minutes of the Evidence Taken Before a Committee of the House of Commons, Being a Committee of the Whole House, to Whom the Bill for Repealing the Duties on Tobacco and Snuff, and for Granting New Duties in Lieu Thereof; Was Committed. London: 1789. Dunlap, William. History of the Rise and Progress of the Arts of Design in the United States. 2 vols. New York: George P. Scott and Co., 1834. S. Snuff	36lbs	21	7.56
1 Jar 5/— M [Snuff]	24lbs 6 oz	2/—	6.72
6 Matts Cassia 9 Aromatic tree bark, similar to cinnamon. (“Cassia,” in American Dictionary [1828].) Comprehensive Works Cited An American Dictionary of the English Language: Intended to Exhibit, I. the Origin, Affinities and Primary Signification of English Words, as far as They Have Been Ascertained. . . . Edited by Noah Webster. New York: S. Converse, 1828.	27lbs	13	3.51
6lbs Cloves		28	1.68
2lbs Nutmegs		13/—	3.25
2 Qr Casks 10 “A close vessel for containing liquors, formed by staves, heading and hoops. This is a general term comprehending the pipe, hogshead, butt, barrel, etc.” (“Cask,” in American Dictionary [1828].) Comprehensive Works Cited An American Dictionary of the English Language: Intended to Exhibit, I. the Origin, Affinities and Primary Signification of English Words, as far as They Have Been Ascertained. . . . Edited by Noah Webster. New York: S. Converse, 1828. S M Wine 31. 31.	62 Gall[on]s	4/ 6	34.88
3 Boxes Poland Starch 11 A fine starch made from higher-quality flour than usual starch. (“Starch,” in Eaton, Cook and Housekeeper’s Complete and Universal Dictionary, 397.) Comprehensive Works Cited Eaton, Mary. The Cook and Housekeeper’s Complete and Universal Dictionary; Including a System of Modern Cookery, in All Its Various Branches, Adapted to the Use of Private Families. . . . Bungay, England: J. and R. Childs, 1823. 31. 31. 31½—	94lbs	10	9.40
1 Bbl 2/ 6 Madder 12 A plant used for red dyes. (“Madder,” in American Dictionary [1828].) Comprehensive Works Cited An American Dictionary of the English Language: Intended to Exhibit, I. the Origin, Affinities and Primary Signification of English Words, as far as They Have Been Ascertained. . . . Edited by Noah Webster. New York: S. Converse, 1828. 213. 18.	195lbs	13	25.66
	over	<612.52>	679.72

[p. [1]]

	Bro[ugh]t over		$679.72
2 Baskets Champ Wine		$9.50	19.00
1 Bbl [Barrel] 13 The size and weight of a barrel varied and was often dependent on whether the contents were liquid or solid. In the United States, statutes generally regulated that a barrel should contain 28 to 31½ gallons. (“Barrel,” in American Dictionary [1828].) Comprehensive Works Cited An American Dictionary of the English Language: Intended to Exhibit, I. the Origin, Affinities and Primary Signification of English Words, as far as They Have Been Ascertained. . . . Edited by Noah Webster. New York: S. Converse, 1828. 12/— Old Cogniac Brandy	43 Glls [Gallons]	12/—	66.00
1 Hhd [Hogshead] 14 The meaning of “hogshead” varied based on time period, location, and the goods involved, but it usually referred to a cask holding a measure of liquid. For wine, the measure was eventually standardized to sixty-three U.S. gallons. (“Hogshead,” in American Dictionary [1828]; “Hogshead,” in Oxford English Dictionary, 5:327–328.) Comprehensive Works Cited An American Dictionary of the English Language: Intended to Exhibit, I. the Origin, Affinities and Primary Signification of English Words, as far as They Have Been Ascertained. . . . Edited by Noah Webster. New York: S. Converse, 1828. The Oxford English Dictionary. Edited by James A. H. Murray, Henry Bradley, W. A. Craigie, and C. T. Onions. 12 vols. 1933. Reprint, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970. St Croix Rum No 1	111 [Glls]	8/—	111.00
1 Tierce 15 A cask which varied in size but was usually between forty and forty-two gallons. (“Tierce,” in American Dictionary [1828]; “Tierce,” in Oxford English Dictionary, 11:18.) Comprehensive Works Cited An American Dictionary of the English Language: Intended to Exhibit, I. the Origin, Affinities and Primary Signification of English Words, as far as They Have Been Ascertained. . . . Edited by Noah Webster. New York: S. Converse, 1828. The Oxford English Dictionary. Edited by James A. H. Murray, Henry Bradley, W. A. Craigie, and C. T. Onions. 12 vols. 1933. Reprint, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970. 4/— (Sunds) Coffee	482. 356. 126lbs	1/—	16.25
		Cartage 16 The cost associated with transporting goods, which were originally transported by cart. (“Cartage,” in American Dictionary [1828].) Comprehensive Works Cited An American Dictionary of the English Language: Intended to Exhibit, I. the Origin, Affinities and Primary Signification of English Words, as far as They Have Been Ascertained. . . . Edited by Noah Webster. New York: S. Converse, 1828.	2.50
			$894.47

Mead Stafford & Co

Groceries

$894.47 [p. [2]]

Footnotes

1
A cask which varied in size but was usually between forty and forty-two gallons. (“Tierce,” in American Dictionary [1828]; “Tierce,” in Oxford English Dictionary, 11:18.)
Comprehensive Works Cited
An American Dictionary of the English Language: Intended to Exhibit, I. the Origin, Affinities and Primary Signification of English Words, as far as They Have Been Ascertained. . . . Edited by Noah Webster. New York: S. Converse, 1828.
The Oxford English Dictionary. Edited by James A. H. Murray, Henry Bradley, W. A. Craigie, and C. T. Onions. 12 vols. 1933. Reprint, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970.
2
The meaning of “hogshead” varied based on time period, location, and the goods involved, but it usually referred to a cask holding a measure of liquid. For wine, the measure was eventually standardized to sixty-three U.S. gallons. (“Hogshead,” in American Dictionary [1828]; “Hogshead,” in Oxford English Dictionary, 5:327–328.)
Comprehensive Works Cited
An American Dictionary of the English Language: Intended to Exhibit, I. the Origin, Affinities and Primary Signification of English Words, as far as They Have Been Ascertained. . . . Edited by Noah Webster. New York: S. Converse, 1828.
The Oxford English Dictionary. Edited by James A. H. Murray, Henry Bradley, W. A. Craigie, and C. T. Onions. 12 vols. 1933. Reprint, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970.
3
The size and weight of a barrel varied and was often dependent on whether the contents were liquid or solid. In the United States, statutes generally regulated that a barrel should contain 28 to 31½ gallons. (“Barrel,” in American Dictionary [1828].)
Comprehensive Works Cited
An American Dictionary of the English Language: Intended to Exhibit, I. the Origin, Affinities and Primary Signification of English Words, as far as They Have Been Ascertained. . . . Edited by Noah Webster. New York: S. Converse, 1828.
4
A biocarbonate of potash, used as a leavening agent in baking. (“Saleratus,” in Oxford English Dictionary, 9: 50.)
Comprehensive Works Cited
The Oxford English Dictionary. Edited by James A. H. Murray, Henry Bradley, W. A. Craigie, and C. T. Onions. 12 vols. 1933. Reprint, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970.
5
The highest grade of whale oil, refined so as to remain liquid during the cold winter months. (Holmes, Arctic Whaleman, 288.)
Comprehensive Works Cited
Holmes, Lewis. The Arctic Whaleman; or, Winter in the Arctic Ocean: Being a Narrative of the Wreck of the Whale Ship Citizen of New Bedford, in the Arctic Ocean. . . . Boston: Wentworth and Co., 1857.
6
A small cask or barrel, varying in size but usually containing less than ten gallons. (“Keg,” in American Dictionary [1828]; “Keg,” in Oxford English Dictionary, 5: 667.)
Comprehensive Works Cited
An American Dictionary of the English Language: Intended to Exhibit, I. the Origin, Affinities and Primary Signification of English Words, as far as They Have Been Ascertained. . . . Edited by Noah Webster. New York: S. Converse, 1828.
The Oxford English Dictionary. Edited by James A. H. Murray, Henry Bradley, W. A. Craigie, and C. T. Onions. 12 vols. 1933. Reprint, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970.
7
Glauber-salt or sulphate of soda. (“Glauber-salt,” in American Dictionary [1828].)
Comprehensive Works Cited
An American Dictionary of the English Language: Intended to Exhibit, I. the Origin, Affinities and Primary Signification of English Words, as far as They Have Been Ascertained. . . . Edited by Noah Webster. New York: S. Converse, 1828.
8
Cow bladders were sometimes used to store and ship tobacco snuff. (Minutes of the Evidence, 24; History of the Rise and Progress of the Arts, 1:165.)
Comprehensive Works Cited
Minutes of the Evidence Taken Before a Committee of the House of Commons, Being a Committee of the Whole House, to Whom the Bill for Repealing the Duties on Tobacco and Snuff, and for Granting New Duties in Lieu Thereof; Was Committed. London: 1789.
Dunlap, William. History of the Rise and Progress of the Arts of Design in the United States. 2 vols. New York: George P. Scott and Co., 1834.
9
Aromatic tree bark, similar to cinnamon. (“Cassia,” in American Dictionary [1828].)
Comprehensive Works Cited
An American Dictionary of the English Language: Intended to Exhibit, I. the Origin, Affinities and Primary Signification of English Words, as far as They Have Been Ascertained. . . . Edited by Noah Webster. New York: S. Converse, 1828.
10
“A close vessel for containing liquors, formed by staves, heading and hoops. This is a general term comprehending the pipe, hogshead, butt, barrel, etc.” (“Cask,” in American Dictionary [1828].)
Comprehensive Works Cited
An American Dictionary of the English Language: Intended to Exhibit, I. the Origin, Affinities and Primary Signification of English Words, as far as They Have Been Ascertained. . . . Edited by Noah Webster. New York: S. Converse, 1828.
11
A fine starch made from higher-quality flour than usual starch. (“Starch,” in Eaton, Cook and Housekeeper’s Complete and Universal Dictionary, 397.)
Comprehensive Works Cited
Eaton, Mary. The Cook and Housekeeper’s Complete and Universal Dictionary; Including a System of Modern Cookery, in All Its Various Branches, Adapted to the Use of Private Families. . . . Bungay, England: J. and R. Childs, 1823.
12
A plant used for red dyes. (“Madder,” in American Dictionary [1828].)
Comprehensive Works Cited
An American Dictionary of the English Language: Intended to Exhibit, I. the Origin, Affinities and Primary Signification of English Words, as far as They Have Been Ascertained. . . . Edited by Noah Webster. New York: S. Converse, 1828.
13
The size and weight of a barrel varied and was often dependent on whether the contents were liquid or solid. In the United States, statutes generally regulated that a barrel should contain 28 to 31½ gallons. (“Barrel,” in American Dictionary [1828].)
Comprehensive Works Cited
An American Dictionary of the English Language: Intended to Exhibit, I. the Origin, Affinities and Primary Signification of English Words, as far as They Have Been Ascertained. . . . Edited by Noah Webster. New York: S. Converse, 1828.
14
The meaning of “hogshead” varied based on time period, location, and the goods involved, but it usually referred to a cask holding a measure of liquid. For wine, the measure was eventually standardized to sixty-three U.S. gallons. (“Hogshead,” in American Dictionary [1828]; “Hogshead,” in Oxford English Dictionary, 5:327–328.)
Comprehensive Works Cited
An American Dictionary of the English Language: Intended to Exhibit, I. the Origin, Affinities and Primary Signification of English Words, as far as They Have Been Ascertained. . . . Edited by Noah Webster. New York: S. Converse, 1828.
The Oxford English Dictionary. Edited by James A. H. Murray, Henry Bradley, W. A. Craigie, and C. T. Onions. 12 vols. 1933. Reprint, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970.
15
A cask which varied in size but was usually between forty and forty-two gallons. (“Tierce,” in American Dictionary [1828]; “Tierce,” in Oxford English Dictionary, 11:18.)
Comprehensive Works Cited
An American Dictionary of the English Language: Intended to Exhibit, I. the Origin, Affinities and Primary Signification of English Words, as far as They Have Been Ascertained. . . . Edited by Noah Webster. New York: S. Converse, 1828.
The Oxford English Dictionary. Edited by James A. H. Murray, Henry Bradley, W. A. Craigie, and C. T. Onions. 12 vols. 1933. Reprint, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970.
16
The cost associated with transporting goods, which were originally transported by cart. (“Cartage,” in American Dictionary [1828].)
Comprehensive Works Cited
An American Dictionary of the English Language: Intended to Exhibit, I. the Origin, Affinities and Primary Signification of English Words, as far as They Have Been Ascertained. . . . Edited by Noah Webster. New York: S. Converse, 1828.
Docket in handwriting of Marcellus Cowdery.

Invoice, Mead, Stafford & Co. to H. Smith & Co., 8 October 1836

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