Letter from Isaac Galland, 5 April 1841
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Source Note
, Letter, , Philadelphia Co., PA, to JS, , Hancock Co., IL, 5 Apr. 1841. Featured version published in Times and Seasons, 1 May 1841, vol. 2, no. 13, 399–400. For more complete source information, see the source note for Letter to Isaac Galland, 22 Mar. 1839.
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Historical Introduction
spent the early months of 1841 in the eastern handling financial matters and other business for the . While in , Galland wrote to JS in , Illinois, on 5 April 1841; the letter was occasioned by Galland’s learning of the death of United States president William Henry Harrison. The letter briefly mentions Galland’s trip to the East with and their prospects for business in Philadelphia, but his message focuses primarily on Harrison’s death.’s letter illustrates the political turmoil that followed the 1840 presidential election. That election pitted Harrison, a Whig, against Democratic incumbent . In a time rife with party factionalism and economic depression, the two political parties took sharply divergent positions on economic policy, slavery, and the role of national government, among other issues. Because Van Buren had refused to ask Congress to act on the church’s petitions for redress and reparations after the Saints’ expulsion from , JS and most Latter-day Saints had supported Harrison, a well-educated former military commander and governor of , in the 1840 election. According to a report of an 1840 JS discourse, Van Buren’s actions turned “the Mormons, almost to a man, against Mr. Van Buren” and motivated them to be “equally as unanimous for Gen. Harrison.”Though the popular vote was close, Harrison won the electoral college handily. On 4 March 1841, Harrison delivered the longest inaugural address ever given by a president. He spoke at length about securing personal liberties for the American people, an issue that mattered a great deal to Latter-day Saints in the wake of their experience. In his address, Harrison spoke about the dangers of stripping people of their liberties, and perhaps church members believed that, unlike his predecessor, he would be willing to lend his influence in helping them obtain redress. The Times and Seasons judged Harrison’s inaugural address “to be one of the best that has ever issued from the presidential chair.”Unfortunately, JS and the Latter-day Saints were never able to ask Harrison for his assistance. The president had barely begun to appoint new federal officers when he became ill. In late March 1841, according to his doctor’s report, Harrison “was seized with a chill and other symptoms of fever. The next day pneumonia, with congestion of the liver and derangement of the stomach and bowels, was ascertained to exist.” The last words uttered by the president, as heard by his doctor, were, “Sir, I wish you to understand the true principles of the Government. I wish them carried out. I ask nothing more.” Harrison died on 4 April 1841, having served just one month as the nation’s executive.grieved the loss of Harrison and all the potential he brought to the presidency. His 5 April 1841 letter may provide insight into the feelings of JS and other Latter-day Saints on this occasion. Saints such as mourned Harrison’s death as “a great calamity.” The sympathy of the Latter-day Saints for Harrison made news a few months later when reports circulated from to to that a “Mormon Elder” had an “old soldier” in behalf of the deceased president in accordance with the Latter-day Saint of baptism for the dead.JS received ’s letter some time before the printing of the 1 May 1841 issue of the Times and Seasons, in which the letter was published. Though Galland may not have intended his letter to receive a public audience, JS must have requested that the Times and Seasons editors include the letter in the paper so that it would have a larger readership. Galland’s original letter is apparently not extant; the Times and Seasons preserves the earliest known version.
Footnotes
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1
See Authorization for Hyrum Smith and Isaac Galland, 15 Feb. 1841.
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2
Howe, What Hath God Wrought, 570–585.
Howe, Daniel Walker. What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848. The Oxford History of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
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3
Letter from Elias Higbee, 24 Mar. 1840; “The Mormons for Harrison,” Peoria [IL] Register and North-Western Gazetteer, 17 Apr. 1840, [2]; Pease, Illinois Election Returns, 117.
Peoria Register and North-Western Gazetteer. Peoria, IL. 1837–1843.
Pease, Theodore Calvin, ed. Illinois Election Returns, 1818–1848. Springfield, Illinois: Illinois State Historical Library, 1923.
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4
“The Mormons for Harrison,” Peoria [IL] Register and North-Western Gazetteer, 17 Apr. 1840, [2]. For more on the Saints’ relationship with Van Buren and Harrison, see Letter to Hyrum Smith and Nauvoo High Council, 5 Dec. 1839; “Presidential Prospects in 1840,” Sangamo Journal [Springfield, IL], 4 Oct. 1839, [2]; “A Glance at the Mormons,” Quincy [IL] Whig, 17 Oct. 1840, [1]; Corrill, Brief History, 33; Letter from Elias Higbee, 24 Mar. 1840; and Discourse, 7 Apr. 1840.
Peoria Register and North-Western Gazetteer. Peoria, IL. 1837–1843.
Sangamo Journal. Springfield, IL. 1831–1847.
Quincy Whig. Quincy, IL. 1838–1856.
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5
“The Inaugural Address of Gen. William Henry Harrison,” Daily National Intelligencer (Washington DC), 5 Mar. 1841, [2]. Harrison’s vice president, John Tyler, noted that the president had sought to promote popular rights and liberties. (“The Vice President,” American and Commercial Daily Advertiser [Baltimore], 2 Dec. 1840, [2].)
Daily National Intelligencer. Washington DC. 1800–1869.
American and Commercial Daily Advertiser. Baltimore. 1802–1853.
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6
“Summary,” Times and Seasons, 1 Apr. 1841, 2:369.
Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.
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7
See “Official,” Daily National Intelligencer (Washington DC), 20 Mar. 1841, [3].
Daily National Intelligencer. Washington DC. 1800–1869.
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8
“Report of the Physicians,” North American and Daily Advertiser (Philadelphia), 7 Apr. 1841, [2]. Though this diagnosis has been widely accepted, a recent article has suggested that Harrison was more likely taken with enteric or typhoid fever. (McHugh and Mackowiak, “Death in the White House,” 990–995.)
North American and Daily Advertiser. Philadelphia. 1839–1845.
McHugh, Jane, and Philip A. Mackowiak. “Death in the White House: President William Henry Harrison’s Atypical Pneumonia.” Clinical Infectious Diseases 59, no. 7 (1 Oct. 2014): 990–995.
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9
“Report of the Physicians,” North American and Daily Advertiser (Philadelphia), 7 Apr. 1841, [3].
North American and Daily Advertiser. Philadelphia. 1839–1845.
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10
Eliza R. Snow, “On the Death of President Harrison,” Times and Seasons, 1 June 1841, 2:437.
Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.
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11
“Baptism for the Dead,” Warsaw (IL) Signal, 14 July 1841, [2]; “Mormon Purgatory,” Ohio Observer (Hudson), 2 Sept. 1841, [3]; “Baptism for the Dead,” New-York Tribune, 4 Aug. 1841, [1].
Warsaw Signal. Warsaw, IL. 1841–1853.
Ohio Observer. Hudson. 1827–1855.
New-York Tribune. New York City. 1841–1842.
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